10. Debt and Interest

Debt

Total debt consists of the following:

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Note 1:  Formerly the Opus Credit Facility (see Note 17).

Note 2:  Interest rate is 9.0% plus one-month LIBOR Rate in excess of 2.5%; at December 31, 2019, $1.2 million is included in Notes payable, short-term on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

Note 3:  As a result of a one year maturity date extension, the interest rate of 9.0% takes effect in year 4 of the note.

Note 4:  At December 31, 2019, $6.0 million is included in Notes payable, short-term on the Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Oaktree Note

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On August 27, 2020 (the “Closing Date”), Fortress, as borrower, entered into a $60.0 million senior secured credit agreement (the “Oaktree Agreement”) with Oaktree. The Company borrowed the full $60.0 million in connection with the terms of the Oaktree Note on the Closing Date and used the bulk of the proceeds to repay its outstanding debt to other lenders (2017 Subordinated Notes, 2018 Venture Notes and 2019 Notes (previously the “Opus Credit Facility”)).

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The Oaktree Note bears interest at a fixed annual rate of 11.0%, payable quarterly and maturing on the fifth anniversary of the Closing Date, August 27, 2025, the (“Maturity Date”). The Company is required to make quarterly interest-only payments until the Maturity Date, at which point the outstanding principal amount is due. The Company may voluntarily prepay the Oaktree Note at any time subject to a Prepayment Fee. The Company is also required to make mandatory prepayments of the Oaktree Note under various circumstances. No amounts paid or prepaid may be reborrowed without Oaktree consent.

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The Oaktree Agreement contains customary representations and warranties and customary affirmative and negative covenants, including, among other things, restrictions on indebtedness, liens, affiliate transactions, investments, acquisitions, mergers, dispositions, prepayment of permitted indebtedness, and dividends and other distributions, subject to certain exceptions.  These affirmative and negative covenants apply in different instances to Fortress itself, its private subsidiaries, its public subsidiaries, or certain combinations of the foregoing. The limitations on dividends and other distributions have the practical effect of preventing any further issuances by the Company or its private subsidiaries of equity securities with cash dividends or redemption features.

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In addition, the Oaktree Agreement contains certain financial covenants, including, among other things, (i) maintenance of minimum liquidity and (ii) a minimum revenue test that requires Journey’s annual revenue to be equal to or to exceed annual revenue projections set forth in the agreement.  Failure by the Company or Journey, as applicable, to comply with the financial covenants will result in an event of default, subject to certain cure rights of the Company.  The Company was in compliance with all applicable covenants under the Oaktree Note as of December 31, 2020.

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The Oaktree Agreement contains customary events of default, in certain circumstances subject to customary cure periods. These events of default apply in different instances to Fortress itself, its private subsidiaries, its public subsidiaries, or a certain combination of the foregoing.  Following an event of default and any cure period, if applicable, the Agent will have the right upon notice to accelerate all amounts outstanding under the Oaktree Agreement, in addition to other remedies available to the lenders as secured creditors of the Company.

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The Oaktree Agreement grants a security interest in favor of the Agent, for the benefit of the lenders, in substantially all of the Company’s assets (consisting principally of the Company’s shareholdings in, and in some cases debt owing from, its partner companies) as collateral securing the Company’s obligations under the Oaktree Agreement, except for: (i) certain interests in controlled foreign corporation subsidiaries of the Company; (ii) the Company’s holdings in Avenue; and (iii) those portions of the Company’s holdings in certain subsidiaries (plus Caelum) that are encumbered by pre-existing equity pledges to certain of the Company’s officers. None of Fortress’ subsidiaries or partner companies is a party to the Oaktree Agreement, and the collateral package does not include the asets of any such subsidiaries or partner companies.

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Pursuant to the terms of the Oaktree Agreement, on the Closing Date the Company paid Oaktree an upfront commitment fee equal to 3% of the $60.0 million, or $1.8 million.  In addition, the Company paid a $35,000 Agency fee to the Agent, which was due on the Closing Date and will be due annually, together with fees of $2.5 million directly to third parties involved in the transaction.  

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In connection with the Oaktree Note, the Company issued warrants to Oaktree and certain of its affiliates to purchase up to 1,749,450 shares of common stock of the Company (see Note 14) with a relative fair value of $4.4 million.

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As of December 31, 2020, the Company recorded the fees totaling $8.7 million ($1.8 million to Oaktree, $2.5 million of expenses paid to third-parties and $4.4 million representing the relative fair value of the Oaktree Warrants) to debt discount.  These costs will be amortized over the term of the Oaktree Note.

IDB Note

On February 13, 2014, the Company executed a promissory note in favor of IDB in the amount of $15.0 million (the “IDB Note”). The Company borrowed $14.0 million against this note and used it to repay its prior loan from Hercules Technology Growth Capital, Inc. The Company could request revolving advances under the IDB Note in a minimum amount of $0.1 million (or the remaining amount of the undrawn balance under the IDB Note if such amount were less than $0.1 million). All amounts advanced under the IDB Note were due in full at the earlier of: (i) August 1, 2020, as extended or (ii) on the IDB’s election following the occurrence and continuation of an event of default. The unpaid principal amount of each advance shall bear interest at a rate per annum equal to the rate payable on the Company’s money market account plus a margin of 150 basis points. The interest rate at December 31, 2019 was 2.25%. The IDB Note contains various representations and warranties customary for financings of this type.

The obligations of the Company under the IDB Note were collateralized by a security interest in, a general lien upon, and a right of set-off against the Company’s money market account of $15.0 million, which was recorded as restricted cash in the Company's Consolidated Balance Sheets, pursuant to the Assignment and Pledge of Money Market Account, dated as of February 13, 2014 (the “Pledge Agreement”). Pursuant to the Pledge Agreement, the Bank may, after the occurrence and continuation of an event of default under the IDB Note, recover from the money market account all amounts outstanding under the IDB Note. The Pledge Agreement contained various representations, warranties, and covenants customary for pledge agreements of this type.

The Company could default on the IDB Note if, among other things, it failed to pay outstanding principal or interest when due. Following the occurrence of an event of default under the IDB Note, the Bank may: (i) declare the entire outstanding principal balance of the IDB Note, together with all accrued interest and other sums due under the IDB Note, to be immediately due and payable; (ii) exercise its right of setoff against any money, funds, credits or other property of any nature in possession of, under control or custody of, or on deposit with IDB; (iii) terminate the commitments of IDB; and (iv) liquidate the money market account to reduce the Company’s obligations to IDB.

On September 18, 2017, the maturity on the IDB Note was extended to August 1, 2020. In January 2020, the maturity on the IDB Note was extended to August 1, 2021.  The Company applied the 10% cash flow test pursuant to ASC 470 to calculate the difference between the present value of the amended IDB Note’s cash flows and the present value of the original remaining cash flow and concluded that the results didn't exceed the 10% factor, the debt modification is not considered substantially different and therefore did not apply extinguishment accounting, rather it accounted for the modification on a prospective basis pursuant to ASC 470. The Company only paid interest on the IDB Note through maturity.

During August 2020, the Company repaid the IDB Note utilizing the cash collateral securing the IDB Note, which was classified as restricted cash on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet.

At December 31, 2020 and 2019, the Company had approximately nil and $14.9 million, respectively, outstanding under its promissory note with IDB.

2019 Notes (formerly the Opus Credit Facility)

On September 14, 2016, Fortress entered into a Credit Facility Agreement (the “Opus Credit Facility”) with Opus Point Healthcare Innovations Fund, LP (“OPHIF”). Since Fortress’s Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer (Lindsay A. Rosenwald) and Fortress’s Executive Vice President, Strategic Development (Michael S. Weiss), are Co-Portfolio Managers and Partners of Opus Point Partners Management, LLC (“Opus”), an affiliate of OPHIF, all of the disinterested directors of Fortress’s board of directors approved the terms of the Credit Facility Agreement and accompanying Pledge and Security Agreement and forms of Note and Warrant (collectively, the “Financing Documents”).

Pursuant to the Opus Credit Facility, Fortress was eligible to borrow up to a maximum aggregate amount of $25.0 million from OPHIF and any other lender that joins the Credit Facility Agreement from time to time (OPHIF and each subsequent lender, a “Lender”) under one or more convertible secured promissory notes (each a “Note”) from September 14, 2016 until September 1, 2017 (the “Commitment Period”). All amounts borrowed under the Credit Facility Agreement were required to be paid in full by September 14, 2018 (the “Maturity Date”), however Fortress had the right to prepay the Notes at any time without penalty.

Pursuant to the Opus Credit Facility and form of Note, each Note will bear interest at 12% per annum and interest will be paid quarterly in arrears commencing on December 1, 2016 and on the first business day of each September, December, March and June thereafter until the Maturity Date. Upon the occurrence and continuance of an event of default (as specified in Credit Facility Agreement and form of Note), each Note will bear interest at 14% and be payable on demand. The Lenders may elect to convert the principal and interest of the Notes at any time into shares of Fortress’s common stock (“Common Stock”) at a conversion price of $10.00 per share. All Notes are secured by shares of capital stock currently held by Fortress in certain Fortress Companies as set forth in the Pledge and Security Agreement entered into between Fortress, its wholly owned subsidiary, FBIO Acquisition, Inc., and OPHIF (as collateral agent on behalf of all the Lenders) on September 14, 2016 (the “Pledge and Security Agreement”).

Fortress may terminate the Opus Credit Facility upon notice to the Lenders and payment of all outstanding obligations under the Credit Facility Agreement. Notwithstanding any early termination of the Credit Facility Agreement, within 15 days after termination of the Commitment Period, Fortress will issue each Lender warrants (each a “Warrant”) pursuant to the terms of the Credit Facility Agreement and form of Warrant to purchase their pro rata share of (a) 1,500,000 shares of Common Stock; and (b) that number of shares of Common Stock equal to the product of (i) 1,000,000, times (ii) the principal amount of all Notes divided by 25,000,000. The Warrants will have a five-year term and will be exercisable at a price of $3.00 per share.

On March 12, 2018, the Company and OPHIF amended and restated the Opus Credit Facility (the “A&R Opus Credit Facility”). The A&R Opus Credit Facility extended the maturity date of the notes issued under the Opus Credit Facility from September 14, 2018 by one year to September 14, 2019. In September 2019 the A&R Opus Credit Facility was amended to extend the maturity of the notes under the Opus Credit Facility from September 14, 2019 to September 14, 2021. The A&R Opus Credit Facility also permits the Company to make portions of interest and principal repayments in the form of shares of the Company’s common stock and/or in common stock of the Company’s publicly traded subsidiaries, subject to certain conditions. Fortress retains the ability to prepay the Notes at any time without penalty. The notes payable under the A&R Opus Credit Facility continue to bear interest at 12% per annum. The A&R Opus Credit Facility was accounted for as a debt modification for the year ended December 31, 2018.

On July 18, 2019, Fortress issued 396,825 common shares of Fortress at $1.26 per share to Dr. Rosenwald. The shares were issued as a prepayment by Fortress of $500,000 of debt owed to Dr. Rosenwald that was held in the name of OPHIF. The prepayment was made in the form of Fortress common stock, measured at the closing price on July 18, 2019, under that certain A&R Opus Credit Facility.

Effective December 31, 2019, OPHIF dissolved and distributed it assets among its limited partners. Following the distribution, the $9.0 million facility comprised of separate notes (collectively, the “2019 Notes”) held by DAK Capital Inc. ($3.8 million); Fortress’ Chairman, President and Chief Executive Officer Lindsay A. Rosenwald, M.D. ($0.3 million); Fortress's Executive Vice President, Strategic Development Michael S. Weiss ($2.0 million); and various entities and individuals affiliated with Dr. Rosenwald and Mr. Weiss ($2.9 million). The terms of the 2019 Notes did not change in connection with such reallocations.

In August, 2020, the Company used certain proceeds from the Oaktree Note to pay off the $9.0 million balance previously outstanding under the 2019 Notes.  As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, nil and $9.0 million, respectively, was outstanding under the 2019 Notes.

IDB Letters of Credit

The Company has several letters of credit (“LOC”) with IDB securing rent deposits for lease facilities totaling approximately $1.6 million. The LOC’s are secured by cash, which is included in restricted cash on the Company’s Consolidated Balance Sheet. Interest paid on the letters of credit is 2% per annum.

2017 Subordinated Note Financing

On March 31, 2017, the Company entered into Note Purchase Agreements (the “Purchase Agreements”) with NAM Biotech Fund II, LLC I (“NAM Biotech Fund”) and NAM Special Situations Fund I QP, LLC (“NAM Special Situations Fund”), both of which are accredited investors, and sold subordinated promissory notes (the “Notes”) of the Company (the “2017 Subordinated Note Financing”) in the aggregate principal amount of $3.25 million. The Notes bear interest at the rate of 8% per annum; additionally, the Notes accrue paid-in-kind interest at the rate of 7% per annum, which will be paid quarterly in shares of the Company’s common stock and/or shares of common stock of one of the Company’s subsidiaries that are publicly traded, in accordance with the terms of the Notes. Each Note is due on the third anniversary of its issuance, provided that the Company may extend the maturity date for two one-year periods in its sole discretion. The 2017 Subordinated Note Financing is for a maximum of $40.0 million (which the Company may, in its sole discretion, increase to $50.0 million).

National Securities Corporation (“NSC”), a subsidiary of National and a related party, (see Note 17), pursuant to a Placement Agency Agreement entered into between the Company, NAM Biotech Fund and NSC (the “NAM Placement Agency Agreement”) and a Placement Agency Agreement entered into between the Company, NAM Special Situations Fund and NSC (together with the NAM Placement Agency Agreement, the “Placement Agency Agreements”) acts as placement agent in the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing. Pursuant to the terms of the Placement Agency Agreements, NSC receives (in addition to reimbursement of certain expenses) an aggregate cash fee equal to 10% of the aggregate sales price of the Notes sold in the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing to NAM Biotech Fund and NAM Special Situations Fund. The Placement Agent also receives warrants equal to 10% of the aggregate principal amount of the Notes sold in the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing divided by the closing share price of the Company’s common stock on the date of closing (the “Placement Agent Warrants”). The Placement Agent Warrants are exercisable immediately at such closing share price for a period of five years. The Placement Agent will have a right of first offer for a period of 12 months for any proposed issuance of the Company’s capital stock in a private financing, subject to certain exceptions, and will also have the right to participate as an investor in subsequent financings.

On March 31, 2017, the Company held its first closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $3.2 million. NSC received a cash fee of approximately $0.3 million and warrant to purchase 87,946 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of per share $3.70.

On May 1, 2017, the Company held a second closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $8.6 million, before expenses. NSC received a placement agent fee of approximately $0.9 million in the second closing and warrants to purchase 234,438 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.65 per share.

On May 31, 2017, the Company held a third closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $5.3 million, before expenses. NSC received a placement agent fee of approximately $0.5 million in the third closing and warrants to purchase 147,806 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $3.61 per share.

On June 30, 2017, the Company held a fourth closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $1.8 million, before expenses. NSC received a placement agent fee of approximately $0.2 million in the fourth closing and warrants to purchase 38,315 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.75 per share.

On August 31, 2017, the Company held a fifth closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $3.0 million, before expenses. NSC received a placement agent fee of approximately $0.3 million in the fifth closing and warrants to purchase 63,526 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.75 per share.

On September 30, 2017, the Company held a sixth closing of the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing and received gross proceeds of $6.4 million, before expenses. NSC received a placement agent fee of approximately $0.6 million in the sixth closing and warrants to purchase 144,149 shares of the Company’s common stock at an exercise price of $4.42 per share.

In August, 2020, the Company used certain proceeds from the Oaktree Note to pay off the $28.4 million balance previously outstanding under the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing.  As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, nil and $28.4 million, respectively, was outstanding under the 2017 Subordinated Note Financing.

2018 Venture Notes

During the year ended December 31, 2018, the Company closed a private placement of promissory notes for an aggregate of $21.7 million (the “2018 Venture Notes”) through NSC. The Company intends to use the proceeds from the 2018 Venture Notes to acquire and license medical technologies and products through existing or recently formed Company subsidiaries. The Company may also use the proceeds to finance its subsidiaries. The notes mature 36 months from issuance, provided that during the first 24 months the Company may extend the maturity date by six months. No principal amount will be due for the first 24 months (or the first 30 months if the maturity date is extended). Thereafter, the note will be repaid at the rate of 1/12 of the principal amount per month for a period of 12 months. Interest on the note is 8% payable quarterly during the first 24 months (or the first 30 months if the note is extended) and monthly during the last 12 months.

NSC acted as the sole placement agent for the 2018 Venture Notes. The Company paid NSC a fee of $1.7 million during the three months ended March 31, 2018 in connection with its placement of the 2018 Venture Notes.

The 2018 Venture Notes allows the Company to transfer a portion of the proceeds from the 2018 Venture Notes to a Fortress subsidiary upon the completion by such subsidiary of an initial public offering in which it raises sufficient equity capital so that it has cash equal to five times the amount of the portion of the proceeds of the 2018 Venture Notes so transferred (the “SubCo Funding Threshold”).

Through December 31, 2019, the Company had transferred $3.8 million to Aevitas, $1.6 million to Tamid, $2.2 Million to Cyprium and $2.0 million to Cellvation. Notwithstanding such transfers, the Company continued to hold such debt balances as liabilities on its own balance sheet on a consolidated basis, until such time as the SubCo Funding Threshold is met with respect to a particular subsidiary.

In connection with this transfer NSC received warrants to purchase each such subsidiary’s stock equal to 25% of that subsidiary’s proceeds of the 2018 Venture Notes divided by the lowest price at which the subsidiary sells its equity in its first third party equity financing. The warrants issued have a term of 10 years and an exercise price equal to the par value of the Fortress subsidiary’s common stock. As of December 31, 2019, the warrants were contingently issuable as neither an initial public offering nor a third-party financing had occurred at any such subsidiary.

In August, 2020, the Company used certain proceeds from the Oaktree Note to pay off the $21.7 million balance previously outstanding under the 2018 Venture Notes.  As of December 31, 2020 and 2019, nil and $21.7 million, respectively, was outstanding under the 2018 Venture Notes.

Mustang Horizon Notes

On March 29, 2019 (the "Closing Date"), Mustang entered into a $20.0 million Loan Agreement with Horizon Technology Finance Corporation ("Horizon"), herein referred to as the "Mustang Horizon Notes". In accordance with the Loan Agreement, $15.0 million of the $20.0 million loan was funded on the Closing Date, with the remaining $5.0 million fundable upon Mustang achieving certain predetermined milestones.

Each advance under the Mustang Horizon Notes will mature 42 months from the first day of the month following the funding of the advance. The first three advances will mature on October 1, 2022 (the "Loan Maturity Date"). Each advance accrues interest at a per annum rate of interest equal to 9.00% plus the amount by which the one-month LIBOR Rate, as reported in the Wall Street Journal, exceeds 2.50%. The Loan Agreement provides for interest-only payments commencing May 1, 2019, through and including October 1, 2020. The interest-only period may be extended to April 1, 2021, if the Company satisfies the Interest Only Extension Milestone (as defined in the Loan Agreement). Thereafter, commencing May 1, 2021, amortization payments will be payable monthly in eighteen installments of principal and interest. At its option, upon ten business days' prior written notice to Horizon, the Company may prepay all or any portion greater than or equal to $500,000 of each of the outstanding advances by paying the entire principal balance (or portion thereof) and all accrued and unpaid interest, subject to a prepayment charge of 4.0% of the then outstanding principal balance of each advance if such advance is prepaid on or before the Loan Amortization Date (as defined in the Loan Agreement), 3% if such advance is prepaid after the Loan Amortization Date applicable to such Loan, but on or prior to twelve months following the Loan Amortization Date, and 2% thereafter. In addition, a final payment equal to $250,000 for each advance (i.e., $750,000 in aggregate with respect to the initial $15.0 million) is due on the maturity date or other date of payment in full. Amounts outstanding during an event of default shall be payable on demand and shall accrue interest at an additional rate of 5.0% per annum of the past due amount outstanding.

Each advance of the loan is secured by a lien on substantially all of the assets of Mustang, other than Intellectual Property and Excluded Collateral (in each case as defined in the Loan Agreement), and contains customary covenants and representations, including a liquidity covenant, financial reporting covenant and limitations on dividends, indebtedness, collateral, investments, distributions, transfers, mergers or acquisitions, taxes, corporate changes, deposit accounts, and subsidiaries.

The events of default under the Loan Agreement include, among other things, without limitation, and subject to customary grace periods, (1) Mustang's failure to make any payments of principal or interest under the Loan Agreement, promissory notes or other loan documents, (2) the Mustang's breach or default in the performance of any covenant under the Loan Agreement, (3) the occurrence of a material adverse change, (4) Mustang making a false or misleading representation or warranty in any material respect, (5) the Mustang's insolvency or bankruptcy, (6) certain attachments or judgments on the Mustang's assets, (7) the occurrence of any material default under certain agreements or obligations of Mustang involving indebtedness in excess of $250,000, or (8) failing to maintain certain minimum monthly cash balances which range from approximately $8 to $13 million over the term of the loan ($13.0 million as of December 31, 2019). If an event of default occurs, Horizon is entitled to take enforcement action, including acceleration of amounts due under the Loan Agreement.

The Loan Agreement also contains warrant coverage of 5% of the total amount funded. Four warrants (the "Warrants") were issued by Mustang to Horizon to purchase a combined 288,184 shares of Mustang's common stock with an exercise price of $3.47 and a fair value of $0.9 million. The Warrants are exercisable for ten years from the date of issuance. Horizon may exercise the Warrant either by (a) cash or check or (b) through a net issuance conversion. The shares of the Company's common stock will, upon request by Horizon, be registered and freely tradable following a period of six months after issuance.

Mustang paid Horizon an initial commitment fee of $0.2 million and reimbursed Horizon for $30,000 of legal fees in connection with the Loan Agreement. Mustang incurred approximately $1.2 million of legal and other direct costs in connection with the Loan Agreement.

All fees, warrants and costs paid to Horizon and all direct costs incurred by Mustang are recognized as a debt discount to the funded loans and are amortized to interest expense using the effective interest method over the term of the Loan Agreement.

On September 30, 2020, Mustang repaid the amount outstanding under the Horizon Notes in full, which was comprised of $15.0 million face value of the outstanding notes, $0.1 million in accrued and unpaid interest, a $0.8 million final payment fee and prepayment penalties of $0.6 million.

Interest Expense

The following table shows the details of interest expense for all debt arrangements during the periods presented. Interest expense includes contractual interest and amortization of the debt discount and amortization of fees represents fees associated with loan transaction costs, amortized over the life of the loan:

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Note 2: Imputed interest expense related to Ximino purchase (see Note 9).

Note 3: Includes $0.6 million of prepayment penalties included in interest expense for the Mustang Horizon Notes.