14. Stockholders’ Equity

Stock-based Compensation

The following table summarizes the stock-based compensation expense from stock option, employee stock purchase programs and restricted Common Stock awards and warrants for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020:

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For the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020, approximately $1.2 million and $0.9 million, respectively, of stock-based compensation expense was included in research and development expenses in connection with equity grants made to employees and consultants and approximately $2.6 million and $2.5 million, respectively, was included in general and administrative expenses in connection with grants made to employees, members of the board of directors and consultants.

Stock Options

The following table summarizes Fortress stock option activities excluding activity related to Fortress partner companies:

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As of March 31, 2021, Fortress had no unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to options.

Restricted Stock and Restricted Stock Units

The following table summarizes Fortress restricted stock awards and restricted stock units activities, excluding activities related to Fortress Companies:

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As of March 31, 2021 and 2020, the Company had unrecognized stock-based compensation expense related to restricted stock and restricted stock unit awards of approximately $21.8 million and $17.9 million, respectively, which is expected to be recognized over the remaining weighted-average vesting period of 3.6 years and 4.2 years, respectively.

Warrants

The following table summarizes Fortress warrant activities, excluding activities related to Fortress Companies:

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In connection with the Oaktree Note (see Note 9), the Company issued warrants to Oaktree and certain of its affiliates to purchase up to 1,749,450 shares of common stock at a purchase price of $3.20 per share (the “Oaktree Warrants”). Oaktree is entitled to additional warrants if at any time prior to the expiration of the Oaktree Warrants in event the Company issues equity, warrants or convertible notes (collectively known as “Security Instruments”) at a price that is less than 95% of the market price of the Company’s Common Stock on the trading day prior to the issuance of the Security Instruments. The Warrants expire on August 27, 2030 and may be net exercised at the holder’s election. The Company also agreed to file a registration statement on Form S-3 to register for resale the shares of common stock issuable upon exercise of the Warrants.

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The Company evaluated the accounting treatment of the Oaktree Warrants and determined that the Oaktree warrants met the scope exception of ASC 815-10-15-74(a) Derivatives and Hedging and therefore should be classified in stockholders’ equity. As such the Company used a Black-Scholes model to value the Oaktree Warrants, utilizing the following inputs: term of 10 years, volatility of 86.8%, and risk-free rate of return of 0.74%, yielding a value of $4.8 million. ASC 470-20-25-2 Debt – Debt with Conversion and Other Options dictates that debt or stock issued with detachable warrants requires the proceeds to be allocated to the two instruments based on their relative fair values. The relative fair value of the warrants was determined to be $4.4 million and was recorded as a component of Stockholders’ Equity in the Company’s Condensed Consolidated Balance Sheet.

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Employee Stock Purchase Plan

Eligible employees can purchase the Company’s Common Stock at the end of a predetermined offering period at 85% of the lower of the fair market value at the beginning or end of the offering period. The ESPP is compensatory and results in stock-based compensation expense.

As of March 31, 2021, 577,301 shares have been purchased and 422,699 shares are available for future sale under the Company’s ESPP. Share-based compensation expense recorded was approximately $34,000 and $18,000, respectively, for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and 2020.

Capital Raises

Journey 8% Cumulative Convertible Class A Preferred Offering

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See Note 10.

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At-the-Market Offering

Pursuant to the terms of the Company’s Amended and Restated At Market Issuance Sales Agreement, or Sales Agreement, with B. Riley FBR, Inc. (“B. Riley,” f/k/a MLV & Co. LLC, and FBR Capital Markets & Co.) (the “ATM”), for the three month period ended March 31, 2020, the Company issued approximately 2.3 million shares of common stock at an average price of $2.59 per share for gross proceeds of $6.1 million. In connection with these sales, the Company paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.2 million. No shares were sold under the ATM for the three month period ended March 31, 2021.

Mustang At-the-Market Offering

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Mustang issued approximately 11.6 million shares of common stock at an average price of $4.17 per share for gross proceeds of $48.4 million under the Mustang ATM. In connection with these sales, Mustang paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.9 million for net proceeds of approximately $47.5 million. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Mustang issued approximately 1.2 million shares of common stock at an average price of $3.93 per share for gross proceeds of $5.0 million under the Mustang ATM. In connection with these sales, Mustang paid aggregate fees of approximately $0.1 million for net proceeds of approximately $4.9 million.

Pursuant to the Founders Agreement, Mustang issued 325,221 shares of common stock to Fortress at a weighted average price of $4.16 per share for the three months ended March 31, 2021 and recorded 63,688 shares issuable to Fortress for the Mustang ATM offering noted above. During the three months ended March 31, 2020, Mustang issued 31,220 shares of common stock to Fortress at a weighted average price of $4.00 per share in connection with the Mustang ATM.

On October 23, 2020, Mustang filed a shelf registration statement No. 333-249657 on Form S-3 (the “2020 Mustang S-3”), which was declared effective on December 4, 2020. Under the 2020 Mustang S-3, Mustang may sell up to a total of $100 million of its securities. As of March 31, 2021, approximately $37.8 million of the 2020 Mustang S-3 remains available for sales of securities.

Checkpoint At-the-Market Offering

During the three months ended March 31, 2021, Checkpoint sold a total of 7,025,309 shares of common stock under the Checkpoint ATM for aggregate total gross proceeds of approximately $24.6 million at an average selling price of $3.50 per share, resulting in net proceeds of approximately $23.9 million after deducting commissions and other transaction costs.

Pursuant to the Founders Agreement, Checkpoint issued 175,625 shares of common stock to Fortress at a weighted average price of $3.61 per share for the Checkpoint ATM offerings and the Checkpoint Underwritten Offering, both noted above.

At March 31, 2021, approximately $71.3 million of the Checkpoint shelf remains available for sale under the Checkpoint S-3.